Anniversary of the Foundation of Vatican City (Holy See)

The anniversary of the foundation of Vatican City is celebrated on February 11th each year, marking the date in 1929 when the Lateran Treaty was signed, establishing the independent state of the Vatican City within Rome, Italy. This treaty was a significant moment in history as it resolved the "Roman Question" and recognized the sovereignty of the Holy See.

History:

• The Roman Question: A dispute between the Italian government and the Papacy that began in 1870 when Italy annexed Rome and declared it its capital.
• Lateran Treaty: Signed by Benito Mussolini on behalf of King Victor Emmanuel III and Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri for Pope Pius XI. It led to the creation of Vatican City as an independent state.

Traditions:

• Religious Observance: The day is often marked by religious ceremonies within St. Peter's Basilica and other churches within Vatican City.
• Papal Address: The Pope may give a special address or lead a prayer service.

Activities:

On this day, people within Vatican City and some Catholics around the world might:

• Attend Mass or a special service.
• Reflect on the significance of an independent seat for their spiritual leadership.
• Engage in discussions about the history and role of Vatican City.

The anniversary is primarily an internal affair for Vatican City, with no large-scale public festivities typically associated with national days in other countries. It is a day that underscores both religious significance and historical importance to Catholics worldwide.