Shmini Atzeret in the United States

Shmini Atzeret is a Jewish holiday that falls on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei, immediately following the seven-day festival of Sukkot. In the Diaspora, including the United States, it is often observed for two days, with the second day known as Simchat Torah. However, in Israel and among Reform Jews who adopt the Israeli practice, both holidays are celebrated on one day.

History and Significance

Shmini Atzeret means "the eighth [day of] assembly" in Hebrew. It is mentioned in the Bible (Leviticus 23:36) as a separate festival to Sukkot albeit without prescribed specific rituals. The day is considered a time for reflection after the festivities of Sukkot and has also come to mark the beginning of the rainy season in Israel with prayers for rain (Tefilat Geshem) being recited.

Traditions

• Prayer Services: On Shmini Atzeret, Jews attend synagogue services which include special prayers for rain and a memorial service called Yizkor, which honors deceased relatives.
• No Sukkah: Unlike during Sukkot, meals are eaten indoors rather than in a sukkah.
• Geshem Prayer: A special prayer for rain known as "Geshem" is added to the Musaf Amidah prayer.

On Simchat Torah, which follows Shmini Atzeret (or coincides with it outside of Israel), there are joyous processions with Torah scrolls called Hakafot both during evening and morning services.

What People Do

• Families attend synagogue services that may include special programming for children.
• The evening before Simchat Torah often involves dancing with Torah scrolls and lively celebrations in synagogues.
• Some communities organize festive meals or gatherings either at home or within communal spaces.

In general, Shmini Atzeret represents a quieter day of transition from the exuberance of Sukkot to everyday life while retaining an element of festivity due to its connection with Simchat Torah.