Umhlanga Reed Dance in eSwatini

Background and History

The Umhlanga Reed Dance is a traditional ceremony that takes place annually in the Kingdom of eSwatini (formerly Swaziland). It is an eight-day event held at the end of August or the beginning of September, coinciding with the end of the reed harvest. The tradition dates back to 1940 when King Sobhuza II introduced it to preserve the nation's culture and promote chastity among women.

Traditions

During this festival, up to 40,000 Swazi maidens gather to honor the Queen Mother (Indlovukazi). The young women, typically unmarried and childless, wear brightly colored attire and traditional beads. They carry long reeds cut from riverbanks, which they present to the Queen Mother as a symbol of their purity.

Activities on the Day

On the main day, participants perform for King Mswati III and visitors through song and dance. This ceremony provides an opportunity for the king to choose a new wife if he wishes. It also serves as a rite of passage for young women and unites the nation in celebration of their cultural heritage.

The event includes:

• Gathering Reeds: Young women collect tall reeds from designated areas while singing traditional songs.
• Parade: Participants march to Ludzidzini Royal Village while carrying their reeds.
• Presentation: The reeds are presented and used to repair or rebuild parts of the royal residence.
• Dancing: The maidens perform dances in elaborate costumes, showcasing their unity and culture.
• Royal Participation: Royalty partakes in various ceremonies; it's also an occasion where policy announcements related to social issues can be made.

While primarily a cultural event, Umhlanga Reed Dance has become a significant tourist attraction due to its vibrant display of traditional Swazi culture.