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Independence Day in Mexico, known as "El Grito de Independencia" or "El Grito de Dolores," commemorates the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence against Spanish rule. The movement started on September 16, 1810, when a Catholic priest named Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang the bell of his church in the small town of Dolores (now Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato), and delivered a speech known as "El Grito de Dolores," calling for the end of Spanish rule, racial equality, and redistribution of land. This event marked the beginning of an 11-year struggle that led to Mexico's independence from Spain.
On the eve of Independence Day (September 15th), celebrations begin with the reenactment of El Grito. The President of Mexico steps out onto the balcony of the National Palace in Mexico City, rings Hidalgo's bell (which is now housed there), and shouts "¡Viva México!" along with other patriotic phrases to which crowds respond with cheers. Similar ceremonies are replicated by governors and local officials in towns and cities across Mexico.
The day is filled with patriotic displays, including:
Mexicans celebrate their country's Independence Day with great enthusiasm. Many attend public events such as parades or concerts where mariachi bands play patriotic songs. Families gather for feasts featuring traditional Mexican cuisine. Public squares buzz with folkloric dances and music performances. It is a day filled with national pride; people wear clothing reflecting the colors of the flag and participate in various cultural activities that honor Mexico's heritage.
Schools and offices are typically closed on this national holiday to allow for nationwide participation in festivities.