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Tsagaan Sar, also known as the Mongolian Lunar New Year, is one of the most significant traditional holidays in Mongolia. It marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring, as well as the new year according to the lunar calendar. The celebration typically falls on a date in January or February.
The origins of Tsagaan Sar are rooted in ancient Mongolian shamanistic traditions and have been influenced by Tibetan Buddhism over time. It is a centuries-old festival that has evolved to incorporate various cultural elements.
Leading up to Tsagaan Sar, Mongolians thoroughly clean their homes and clear debts, symbolizing a fresh start. Families prepare a lavish feast including traditional foods such as buuz (steamed dumplings), bansh (boiled dumplings), and ul boov (a special cake made from layers of biscuits).
On the eve of Tsagaan Sar, families gather for a ceremony called Bituun, where they enjoy a feast together, reflecting on the past year and making wishes for the coming one.
The first day of Tsagaan Sar starts with early morning greetings among family members. Dressed in traditional clothing called deel, people visit the eldest members of their family first. During these visits, younger family members greet their elders with a special ritual called zolgokh, which involves holding out long pieces of cloth called hadag. The elder then gives blessings for good fortune.
Gift exchanges and honoring ancestors are also key components of Tsagaan Sar. Moreover, white food symbolizing purity—such as dairy products—is abundant during this period.
During Tsagaan Sar, Mongolians engage in various activities:
Overall, Tsagaan Sar is an important time for renewal and celebration in Mongolia, rich with customs that embrace family values and cultural heritage.
