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Christmas Eve, known as "Badnji dan" in Montenegro, is celebrated on January 6th by Orthodox Christians following the Julian calendar. The day precedes the Orthodox Christmas Day and is rich with traditions deeply rooted in the Christian faith and local customs.
One of the central customs is the cutting of the "Badnjak," a young oak tree, which symbolizes the wood that the shepherds brought to warm the stable where Jesus was born. Families or church congregations typically cut down a Badnjak on Christmas Eve morning.
On Christmas Eve:
Badnjak Burning: The Badnjak is ceremoniously brought into homes or churches and burned in the evening. This ritual represents bringing warmth and light into one's home.
Church Services: Many attend a special church service held on Christmas Eve to prepare spiritually for Christmas Day.
Festive Meals: A traditional meatless meal is prepared, consisting of various dishes such as beans, grains, fish, dried fruits, nuts, and honey. This abstinence from meat symbolizes purification and anticipation for Christmas Day.
Family Gatherings: Families gather together on this night to enjoy meals and spend time with loved ones.
Hay Spread: Some lay fresh hay on their floors or under the dining table as a reminder of Christ's humble birth in a manger.
While each region may have its unique variations of these traditions, they all reflect Montenegro's blend of religious significance and cultural heritage during this festive time.