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Background: Imam Reza, the eighth Shia Imam, is a significant figure in Islamic history, particularly for Shia Muslims. He was born on December 29, 765 AD, and died on November 20, 817 AD. His death is commemorated as a day of mourning by Shia Muslims around the world.
History: The Martyrdom of Imam Reza is believed to have been the result of poisoning by Al-Ma'mun, the Abbasid Caliph at the time. Al-Ma'mun had appointed Imam Reza as his successor to quell opposition from the Alids (descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib), but when he perceived that this move did not decrease his own power as intended, he decided to eliminate Imam Reza.
Date: The martyrdom is observed on the 30th day of Safar in the Islamic lunar calendar. Because this calendar is lunar-based and not aligned with the Gregorian calendar, the date shifts each year.
Traditions and Observances: On this solemn day, Shia Muslims across Iran engage in various acts of commemoration:
Pilgrimage: Many pilgrims travel to Mashhad where Imam Reza's shrine is located. This shrine becomes a focal point for prayers and mourning.
Mourning Gatherings: People attend special mourning assemblies known as "Majalis" where they listen to stories about Imam Reza's life and virtues.
Poetry and Eulogies: Poets recite eulogies ("Noheh" or "Marthiya") that express sorrow over Imam Reza’s martyrdom and reflect on themes related to sacrifice and divine love.
Alms Giving: It is common for individuals to distribute food (typically referred to as "tabarruk" or "nazri") among poor people or within their community as an act of charitable giving.
Wearing Black: As a sign of mourning, many participants wear black clothing during these gatherings.
What People Do: On this day, activities are generally centered around remembrance. In addition to attending gatherings or visiting holy sites such as Mashhad:
