Martyrdom of Imam Ali in Iran

The Martyrdom of Imam Ali, recognized as one of the most significant events within the Islamic calendar, is observed with great reverence in Iran. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib was the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad and is considered the first Imam by Shia Muslims. His martyrdom occurred during the month of Ramadan in 661 AD when he was struck on the head with a poisoned sword by an assassin, Abd-al-Rahman ibn Muljam, while praying in the Great Mosque of Kufa.

Date

In Iran, this event is commemorated on the 21st day of Ramadan each year. The Islamic calendar being lunar, the corresponding date in the Gregorian calendar varies annually.

History

Imam Ali's death marked a pivotal moment in Islamic history, leading to deep-seated divisions that gave birth to what are now Sunni and Shia sects of Islam. For Shia Muslims, especially in Iran where they are the majority, Imam Ali is profoundly respected for his piety, knowledge, justice, and courage.

Traditions and Observances

On this day:

• Public Mourning: Many Iranians participate in public mourning processions and gatherings known as 'Majalis', where they commemorate Imam Ali's life and mourn his death.

• Recitation and Eulogies: Verses from the Quran are recited along with eulogies ('Marsiya') and poems that recount Imam Ali's martyrdom.

• Night Vigils: Some devotees engage in night-long vigils called 'Amaal-e-Shabe Qadr', which involve prayer, reflection, and reading religious texts.

• Charity: Giving to charity (‘Sadaqah’) is encouraged as an act of virtue on this solemn day.

• Iftar Gatherings: Although a day of mourning, families still come together to break their fast at sunset since it occurs during Ramadan. The meals might be simpler as a sign of respect for the solemnity of the occasion.

These traditions serve both to honor Imam Ali’s memory and to reinforce communal bonds among Shia Muslims during this period of mourning.