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The birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, known as Mawlid or Milad un-Nabi, and the birthday of Imam Jafar al-Sadeq, the 6th Shia Imam, are celebrated on the 17th day of the Islamic month of Rabi' al-awwal by Sunni Muslims, while Shia Muslims mark it on the 17th day of Rabi' al-Awwal for Prophet Muhammad and on the 17th of Rabi' al-Thani for Imam Sadeq. In Iran, which is a predominantly Shia Muslim country, these occasions are regarded as national holidays characterized by public celebrations.
The celebration of Mawlid in relation to Prophet Muhammad dates back to the early days of Islam, but it became more prominent in the 11th century when it was declared an official holiday by the Fatimid dynasty. As for Imam Sadeq, his contributions to theology and religious jurisprudence hold a significant place in Shia Islam, making his birthday a momentous occasion for commemoration.
On these days in Iran:
Public Celebrations: Streets and mosques are adorned with decorations and lights. People attend special services at mosques where stories about Prophet Muhammad's life or Imam Sadeq's teachings are shared.
Charity: It is common for people to distribute food and alms to those in need as an act of charity and to honor the spirit of giving associated with these figures.
Poetry and Music: Recitals of poems (Na’at) praising Prophet Muhammad or Imam Sadeq may be performed. Traditional music is also part of some celebrations.
Gatherings: Families gather together to enjoy special meals. It's a time for unity and celebration within communities.
These celebrations reflect deep reverence for these religious figures and aim at promoting values such as kindness, generosity, and unity among Iranians.
