Muharram/Ashura in India

History and Significance: Muharram is the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar and is considered one of the four sacred months in Islam. Ashura, which falls on the 10th day of Muharram, holds significant historical and religious importance for Muslims, particularly for Shia Muslims. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala on 10 Muharram in the year 61 AH (October 10, 680 CE). His sacrifice is regarded as a symbol of resistance against tyranny.

Traditions:

• Mourning: Shia Muslims observe Muharram as a period of mourning. The first ten days leading to Ashura are marked by remembrance sessions known as 'majalis,' where stories of Husayn ibn Ali's sacrifice are recounted.
• Processions: Large processions take place on the streets as people chant elegies and carry banners relating to Karbala. In various cities across India, such as Lucknow and Hyderabad, these processions are quite elaborate and well-attended.
• Tazia: Miniature mausoleums called 'tazias' made from bamboo and paper representing Husayn's tomb are carried through the streets by mourners.
• Matam: Some participants engage in ritualistic self-flagellation known as 'matam' using chains or blades as an expression of grief over Husayn's martyrdom; however, many communities have replaced this practice with blood donation camps or symbolic gestures due to health concerns.

What People Do:

• Fasting: Both Sunni and Shia Muslims may observe fasts during this time. While some fast specifically on Ashura, others may fast on both the 9th and 10th days.
• Charity: Giving charity to those in need is another common practice during Muharram.
• Prayers: Special prayers are offered at mosques with increased emphasis on remembering Husayn's stand for justice.

In India, with its diverse Muslim community comprising both Sunnis and Shias along with other sects, Muharram is observed with solemnity honoring cultural nuances influenced by local traditions.