Yom Kippur in Israel

Day and Significance

Yom Kippur, known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day in Judaism. It falls on the 10th day of the Jewish month of Tishrei and concludes the High Holy Days, which commence with Rosh Hashanah.

History

The origins of Yom Kippur are found in the Torah, specifically in the Book of Leviticus. It was established when Moses descended from Mount Sinai with the second set of tablets and found that the Israelites had been forgiven for the sin of the Golden Calf. This day became a symbol of divine forgiveness and repentance.

Traditions

• Fasting: A central tradition is a 25-hour fast, abstaining from food and drink.
• Prayer Services: Extensive prayer services take place in synagogues, including Kol Nidre on Yom Kippur eve and Ne'ilah at its conclusion.
• White Clothing: Many wear white as a symbol of purity.
• Abstention from Physical Pleasures: Besides fasting, other physical pleasures like bathing or wearing leather shoes are traditionally avoided.

Practices on Yom Kippur

1. Kol Nidre Service: The evening service begins with this ancient legal formula that annuls vows from the previous year.
2. Morning Prayers (Shacharit): Includes recitation of liturgical poetry and remembrance prayers for deceased loved ones (Yizkor).
3. Afternoon (Mincha): The Book of Jonah is read, symbolizing repentance.
4. Closing Service (Ne'ilah): Marks the closing moments of Yom Kippur; it ends with a long blast from the shofar (ram's horn).
5. Breaking Fast: At nightfall, families and friends gather to break their fast together.

In Israel, Yom Kippur has unique characteristics:

• The entire country comes to a halt; businesses close, and there's no public transportation.
• Roads are nearly empty of vehicles; many Israelis walk or ride bicycles freely on streets.
• Non-religious Israelis also engage in reflection or spend time quietly with family despite not observing all religious aspects.

This solemn day offers an opportunity for communal reflection on ethics and individual behaviors while seeking forgiveness from others and oneself.