Shushan Purim (Jerusalem) in Israel

Historical Background: Shushan Purim is the celebration of the Jewish holiday of Purim in walled cities, observed a day later than in the rest of the Jewish world. This tradition dates back to the Book of Esther, where it is said that while the Jews in unwalled towns fought and defeated their enemies on the 13th of Adar and rested on the 14th, the battle in Shushan, the walled capital of Persia, continued for an additional day. The victory in Shushan was achieved on the 14th, and thus, the celebration there took place on the 15th.

Traditions:

• Reading of Megillat Esther: The central feature is reading from the Book of Esther (Megillat Esther), which recounts the story behind Purim. In Jerusalem and other walled cities, this reading takes place on Shushan Purim rather than on Purim itself.
• Mishloach Manot: Exchanging gifts of food and drink known as 'mishloach manot' is a key tradition. Even though these gifts are also exchanged on Purim day elsewhere, Jerusalemites celebrate by sending these portions to one another specifically on Shushan Purim.
• Matanot La'Evyonim: Giving charity to at least two needy people (matanot la'evyonim) is another important commandment fulfilled during this time.
• Festive Meal: A festive meal called 'seudat mitzvah' is enjoyed with family and friends featuring traditional foods, often including hamantaschen (triangular pastries).
• Costumes and Festivities: People often wear costumes and partake in parades; children especially enjoy dressing up as characters from the Book of Esther or other historical or modern-day figures.

Modern Celebrations: The spirit of joy and festivity permeates Jerusalem as locals take part in parties, concerts, and public shows. Many synagogues hold special events for families with music and dancing being integral to these celebrations. It's a time marked by community cohesion where even non-religious segments participate in cultural aspects.

In summary, Shushan Purim reflects both historical significance rooted in ancient texts as well as vibrant contemporary celebrations that honor Jewish heritage within walled cities like Jerusalem.