National Day of Catalonia (Diada Nacional de Catalunya)

History

The National Day of Catalonia, also known as La Diada, is celebrated on September 11th. This date commemorates the fall of Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession in 1714. After a lengthy siege, Barcelona surrendered to Bourbon forces, marking the loss of Catalan institutions and liberties. The day was officially designated as a national holiday in 1980 by the restored Catalan government following the end of Franco's dictatorship.

Traditions

On La Diada, Catalans display their cultural pride and political aspirations. It is common to see Catalan flags, particularly the "Estelada", which symbolizes support for Catalan independence.

• Floral Offerings: One central tradition involves laying floral offerings at monuments dedicated to Rafael Casanova and other heroes of the siege.
• Cultural Events: The day features numerous cultural activities including concerts, parades, and performances that showcase Catalan traditions like human towers ("castells") and Sardana dances.
• Political Demonstrations: In recent years, La Diada has become an opportunity for large-scale demonstrations by those advocating for greater autonomy or independence from Spain.

What People Do

People across Catalonia participate in various events organized both at local and regional levels. Many attend ceremonies and pay tribute at memorials commemorating those who died in defense of the city. Public buildings often host open days, while streets fill with vendors selling roses and books—a scene reminiscent of another popular Catalan celebration, Sant Jordi’s Day.

While La Diada is primarily marked in Catalonia itself, it is also observed by Catalan communities around the world. It serves as a day not only to remember historical events but also to celebrate Catalan identity and voice contemporary social and political desires.