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Estonian Christmas traditions have a mix of Christian and pre-Christian, pagan elements. The holiday period, known as Jõuluaeg, starts from Advent and culminates on Christmas Day (Jõulupäev), which is celebrated on December 25th.
The term Jõulud itself has its roots in ancient winter solstice celebrations, marking the return of longer days. With the spread of Christianity, these festivities were merged with the celebration of Jesus Christ's birth.
One of the most beloved traditions is bringing home and decorating the Christmas tree (jõulupuu), which is often done together as a family. Singing carols (jõululaulud) and visiting church services are also common practices.
On Christmas Day in Estonia, families come together for a festive meal that traditionally includes dishes like roast pork, blood sausage (verivorstid), sauerkraut (hapukapsas), potatoes, and a special type of black bread. Desserts often feature gingerbread cookies (piparkoogid) and mulled wine (glögi or hõõgvein).
Gift-giving is an integral part of the celebrations, with Jõuluvana (Father Christmas) delivering presents. Many Estonians also visit cemeteries to light candles in memory of departed loved ones, reflecting the blend of merriment and solemnity during this time.
Throughout the season, people engage in various activities such as ice skating, attending Christmas markets, and enjoying cultural events like concerts and plays that reflect Estonia's rich historical tapestry interwoven with modern customs.
