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The December solstice, also known as the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, is an astronomical event that marks the shortest day and longest night of the year. In Belarus, it usually occurs on December 21st or 22nd.
Historically, the solstice has been associated with a variety of pagan celebrations. In Belarusian culture, like in many other Slavic cultures, this period was often celebrated as part of pre-Christian winter rituals. With the advent of Christianity, many pagan traditions were adapted to fit Christian holidays.
Belarusians used to observe Kaliady – a traditional festive season around the time of the winter solstice leading up to Christmas. It involved caroling (Kaliadavannie), folk games, and various rites that were believed to ensure good harvest and prosperity for the upcoming year.
One of the ancient customs was to perform a ritual called "calling the bear out of its den," symbolizing the awakening of spring forces. Another tradition was creating and burning effigies made from straw to signify rebirth and renewal.
Today, while some ancient customs have faded, others have been preserved or revived by folk groups and enthusiasts. People might attend cultural events that showcase traditional Belarusian music, dance, and crafts connected with winter festivities.
In urban areas especially, modern lifestyle and work patterns mean that for many Belarusians, this day passes without significant deviation from their regular routine. However, people may still gather with family or friends to mark the beginning of astronomical winter and enjoy traditional foods or visit seasonal markets.
Despite its historical significance being overshadowed by more prominent holidays such as New Year's Eve and Christmas (celebrated on January 7th in accordance with Orthodox Christian traditions), some Belarusians continue to acknowledge the day through personal or community activities that honor their heritage.
