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Ashura is the tenth day of the Islamic month of Muharram and holds a significant place in Afghan culture, particularly among the Shia Muslim community. It commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad, at the Battle of Karbala in 680 AD. This event has shaped Shia Islam's history and is a symbol of the struggle against injustice.
The historical roots of Ashura lie in the schism that occurred after Prophet Muhammad's death over who should succeed him as the leader of the Muslim community. Husayn ibn Ali, as a member of the Prophet's family, was seen by many as a rightful successor but was killed during a clash with the Umayyad Caliphate's forces.
In Afghanistan:
Mourning Processions: Large public gatherings and processions take place where people chant and recite poems eulogizing Husayn ibn Ali. Men and women wear black as a sign of mourning.
Ta'zieh: Dramatic reenactments of the Battle of Karbala, known as Ta'zieh or Shabih, are performed to tell the story to audiences who may not be familiar with it.
Flagellation Rituals: Some participants engage in self-flagellation (matam) using chains or swords as an expression of grief over Husayn's martyrdom. However, this practice has been discouraged or banned by some religious leaders and authorities due to health concerns.
Charitable Acts: Providing free food (nazri) to participants and those in need is common on Ashura. Large cauldrons are set up to cook and distribute meals among attendees.
On Ashura:
Fasting: While not obligatory like during Ramadan, some people choose to fast on this day.
Prayer Vigils: Special prayers are held at mosques where Shia community members gather for collective worship.
Community Support: Many use this day to support each other in their faith communities.
Reflection: Individuals reflect on their personal lives and consider ways they can stand against injustice following Husayn ibn Ali's example.
Ashura serves both as a day of commemoration for an important historical event within Islam and as an opportunity for communal bonding and religious reflection within Afghanistan's Shia population.